Contents
BASIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 2 THIRD TERM NOTES
BASIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 2 THIRD TERM NOTES
SCHEME
WEEK 1 Revision
WEEK 2 Human Body Parts
WEEK 3 Soil: Loamy soil and Sandy soil
WEEK 4 The Air and its uses
WEEK 5 Things that float in the Air
WEEK 6 Sources of Water
WEEK 7 Uses of Water
WEEK 8 Water (Floatation)
WEEK 9 Mechanical Gadgets (Simple Machines)
WEEK 10 Modern means of Transportation
WEEK 2
TOPIC: Human Body Parts
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Identify and name their body parts.
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Charts and Videos.
CONTENT
Some of the human body parts:
Brain – controls all body functions, including movement, sensation, and thought.
Heart – pumps blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells.
Lungs – take in oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
Stomach – breaks down food into smaller pieces so that it can be digested.
Liver – produces bile to help digest fats.
Kidneys – filter waste products from the blood and produce urine.
Bones – provide support for the body, protect vital organs, and produce blood cells.
Muscles – enable movement and provide support for the body.
Skin – protects the body from damage and infection, and helps regulate body temperature.
These are just a few examples, as the human body is incredibly complex and has many different parts and functions. However, understanding these basic body parts and their functions is a good starting point.
EVALUATION
Describe 5 human body parts and their uses.
WEEK 3
TOPIC: Soil: Loamy soil and Sandy soil
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Identify sites to collect soil samples
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Soil samples with labels
CONTENT
SOIL
Loamy Soil:
Loamy soil is a well-balanced soil type that consists of a mixture of sand, silt, and clay. It has a crumbly texture, which makes it easy to work with. Loamy soil is generally rich in nutrients and can hold water well. It can support the growth of a wide variety of plants and is considered to be one of the best soil types for gardening and farming.
Sandy Soil:
Sandy soil is a soil type that is primarily composed of sand particles. It has a gritty texture and a loose, structure. Sandy soil can not hold water well and can quickly become dry, which makes it difficult for plants to grow in. Sandy soil is also low in nutrients and often requires the addition of fertilizers to support plant growth.
EVALUATION
Explain Sandy soil and Loamy soil
WEEK 4
TOPIC: The Air and its uses
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Define Air and its uses
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Videos clips
CONTENT
Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen with trace amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide, argon, and neon. Air is essential for life on Earth and plays many important roles.
Some of the uses of air are:
Breathing: We breathe in air to supply oxygen to our bodies, which is necessary for our survival.
Combustion: Air is necessary in the process of burning fuels to produce energy. For example, we need air to burn wood in a fireplace or gas in a stove.
Transportation: Air is used to power vehicles, such as airplanes, by providing lift and thrust.
Weather: Air plays a major role in the Earth’s weather systems, including the formation of clouds and the movement of air masses.
Photosynthesis: Plants use air (carbon dioxide) during photosynthesis to produce energy and grow.
Sound transmission: Sound waves travel through the air, allowing us to hear sounds and communicate with others.
EVALUATION:
Define Air
State the uses of Air,
WEEK 5
TOPIC: Things that float in the Air
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Identify objects that float in Water
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Charts and Videos.
CONTENT
There are several things that can float in the air, including:
Dust and pollen particles.
Smoke and soot.
Aerosol sprays and fumes.
Balloons and bubbles
Insects and other small animals, such as birds and bats.
Clouds and fog.
Parachutes and gliders.
Kites and drones.
These are just a few examples of things that can float in the air.
EVALUATION
List 5 things that can float in Water
WEEK 6
TOPIC: Sources of Water
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Discuss several sources of Water
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Water source, Charts and Videos.
CONTENT
Water is a transparent, odorless, and tasteless liquid that is essential for life on Earth. It is a universal solvent.
There are several sources of water, including:
Surface water: This includes water found in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
Groundwater: This is water that is stored underground in porous rocks, soil, etc.
Rainwater: This is water that falls from the sky in the form of rain, snow, and hail.
Ocean water: The world’s oceans contain about 97% of the Earth’s water and are an important source of water for human use.
Wastewater: This is water that has been used and discarded, such as sewage and industrial wastewater, which can be treated and reused.
EVALUATION:
To help pupils understand the sources of water, teacher should conduct a simple experiment. Pupils should take a large bowl and place it outside overnight. In the morning, pupils will observe that the bowl has collected dew, which is a form of condensed water vapor from the atmosphere. Teacher should explain that this is another source of water, albeit a minor one, and can discuss other sources of water in the environment.
WEEK 7
TOPIC: Uses of Water
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Identify the uses of Water
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Charts and Videos.
CONTENT
Water has numerous uses, including:
Drinking: Water is essential for human life, and drinking water helps to keep the body healthy.
Agriculture: Water is used in agriculture to irrigate crops and provide animals with drinking water.
Manufacturing: Water is used in manufacturing processes to cool machinery, clean equipment, and produce goods.
Energy production: Water is used to generate electricity through hydropower, and it is also used in cooling systems for thermal power plants.
Recreation: Water is used for recreational activities such as swimming, boating, and fishing.
Cleaning: Water is used for cleaning homes, cars, and other objects.
Firefighting: Water is used by firefighters to extinguish fires.
Healthcare: Water is used in hospitals for hygiene and sanitation, as well as for medical procedures and treatments.
EVALUATION;
Make a list of all the ways water can be used in our daily lives.
WEEK 8
TOPIC: Water (Floatation)
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Identify objects that floats or sinks in Water
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Charts and Videos.
Basic science primary 1 third term notes
CONTENT
In water, some items float while others sink. Objects that are less dense than water will float, while objects that are more dense than water will sink. Here are some examples of items that float and sink in water:
Objects that can Float:
Cork
Plastic bottle
Styrofoam
Wooden stick
Rubber ball
Soap
Objects that can Sink:
Rock
Metal spoon
Glass bottle
Paperweight
Iron nail
Ceramic plate
It’s important to note that some objects may float or sink depending on their shape or how they are positioned in the water.
EVALUATION
- List 5 items that float in Water.
- List 5 items that sink in Water.
WEEK 9
TOPIC: Mechanical Gadgets (Simple Machines)
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Define and Explain the importance of these gadgets to man
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Charts and Videos.
CONTENT
Mechanical gadgets refer to devices that use mechanical principles to perform a specific function or task. These gadgets are designed to simplify a manual process that would otherwise require human effort or energy.
There are several important mechanical gadgets that have become an integral part of human life. Here are some examples and their importance:
Wheel: The wheel is one of the most important mechanical gadgets ever invented. It allows for the efficient transportation of goods and people.
Clock: The clock is a mechanical gadget that has been used for centuries to tell time. It has helped humans to organize their daily activities and schedule their work, play, and rest.
Elevator: The elevator is a mechanical gadget that has made it possible to travel vertically in buildings. It has greatly improved mobility and accessibility for people with disabilities and has made it possible to build taller and more complex structures.
Printing press: The printing press is a mechanical gadget that changed the way information is disseminated. It allowed for the mass production of books, newspapers, and other printed materials, making knowledge and information more widely available.
Sewing machine: The sewing machine is a mechanical gadget that has made it easier and faster to produce clothing and other textiles. It has made clothing more affordable and accessible.
Bicycle: The bicycle is a mechanical gadget that has become a popular mode of transportation around the world. It is an eco-friendly and healthy way to travel short distances and has become an important part of many people’s daily lives.
In summary, mechanical gadgets have played a vital role in human life, improving efficiency and productivity. They have helped to simplify manual tasks.
EVALUATION
Define Mechanical gadgets.
List 4 mechanical gadgets and their uses.
WEEK 10
TOPIC: Modern means of Transportation
CLASS: Basic 2
SUBJECT: Basic Science
THIRD TERM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
- Discuss the means if transportation they know.
LEARNING RESOURCES: audio-visual resources; Charts and Videos.
CONTENT
Modern means of transportation have improved the way people and goods move around the world. There are three primary modes of transportation: air, land, and water. Each mode has its unique advantages and disadvantages, and they are all used for different purposes.
Air Transportation: Air transportation is the fastest mode of transportation available today. It involves the use of airplanes, helicopters, and other aircraft to transport people and goods. Air transportation is ideal for long distances, and it’s the preferred mode of transportation for international travel. One of the significant advantages of air transportation is speed, allowing people to reach their destination quickly. However, it can be expensive, and it’s not always environmentally friendly due to the carbon emissions produced by aircraft.
Land Transportation: Land transportation includes various modes of transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, and bicycles. It is the most commonly used mode of transportation worldwide, and it’s ideal for short to medium distances. Land transportation is relatively affordable, and it provides easy access to rural and remote areas. However, it can be slower than air transportation, and it’s affected by traffic congestion and road conditions.
Water Transportation: Water transportation involves the use of boats, ships, and other vessels to transport people and goods over water. It’s the most economical mode of transportation, especially for bulk cargo and heavy goods. Water transportation is also environmentally friendly as it produces fewer carbon emissions compared to air and land transportation. However, it’s slower than air and land transportation and requires infrastructure such as ports and waterways.
EVALUATION
- Discuss briefly on the 3 means of Transportation that you know.
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