Social Studies Primary 2 Third Term

Complete Lesson Notes • NERDC Aligned • 2026

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Scheme of Work – Third Term

1. Week 1: Drug Abuse – Understanding the Concept
2. Week 2: Dangers of Drug Abuse
3. Week 3: Prevention of Drug Abuse
4. Week 4: Harmful Substances – Identification
5. Week 5: Avoiding Harmful Substances
6. Week 6: Preventing Intake of Harmful Substances
7. Week 7: Sources of Danger and Security
8. Week 8: Ways to Avoid Danger
9. Week 9: Security Agencies I – Nigerian Forces
10. Week 10: Security Agencies II – Intelligence and Anti-Corruption

Topic: Drug Abuse

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Explain the meaning of drug abuse
• Identify examples of drug abuse

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, pupils textbooks, posters on war against drug abuse

Content

Understanding Drug Abuse in Primary 2

Drug abuse is the excessive and inappropriate use of drugs. This applies to both legal and illegal drugs. Drug abuse can lead to physical harm. It causes emotional damage. It also brings social problems to individuals and communities.

Ten Examples of Drug Abuse Primary 2 Pupils Should Know

1. Taking More Than Prescribed Medicine

This happens when someone takes more than the prescribed dosage of prescription medications. The doctor gives specific amounts for a reason. Taking more causes harm to the body.

2. Using Illicit Drugs

This includes using illegal drugs. Examples are cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. These drugs destroy lives and communities across Nigeria.

3. Consuming Excessive Alcohol

This means drinking too much alcohol. Excessive alcohol consumption damages the liver. It harms the brain. It destroys families and relationships.

4. Smoking and Vaping

This involves smoking cigarettes, vaping, or using tobacco products. These substances damage the lungs. They cause cancer and heart disease.

5. Taking Performance-Enhancing Drugs

Some people take these drugs to improve athletic ability. This is dangerous. It creates unfair advantages. It damages the body permanently.

6. Using Inhalants

This means using inhalants such as paint thinners or gasoline to get high. These chemicals destroy brain cells. They cause permanent damage.

7. Misusing Over-the-Counter Medications

This includes misusing over-the-counter medications like cough syrup. People take these in wrong amounts to feel different. This harms the body.

8. Using Club Drugs

This involves using club drugs such as ecstasy, GHB, or ketamine. Young people often encounter these at parties. They are extremely dangerous.

9. Overusing Caffeine Products

This means overusing caffeine-containing products like energy drinks or coffee. Too much caffeine causes anxiety. It disrupts sleep patterns. It damages young hearts.

10. Abusing Legal Drugs to Get High

This involves abusing legal drugs like cough syrup or pain relievers to get high. People use these drugs in ways they were not intended. This causes serious health problems.

Class Work

1. Define drug abuse in your own words.
2. Make a list of five legal drugs and five illegal drugs.
3. Discuss the harmful effects of drug abuse on the body.

Related lesson: Week 2 – Dangers of Drug Abuse

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Topic: Dangers of Drug Abuse

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Explain the dangers of drug abuse
• Understand the consequences of drug misuse

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, photographs showing drug addicts

Content

Ten Serious Dangers of Drug Abuse

1. Addiction Destroys Lives

Drug abuse leads to addiction. Addiction is a chronic disease. It impacts a person’s physical health severelyIt damages mental health, It destroys relationships, It eliminates the ability to function normally in society.

2. Overdose Can Kill

Taking too much of a drug results in an overdose. An overdose can be fatal. Many young Nigerians die from overdoses every year. This tragedy destroys families permanently.

3. Mental Health Problems Develop

Drug abuse leads to mental health problems. These include depression, anxiety, and psychosis. The drugs change brain chemistry. This creates lasting mental illness.

4. Physical Health Issues Emerge

Drug abuse causes a range of physical health problems. These include heart disease, liver damage, and lung disease. The body breaks down. Organs fail. Youth is destroyed.

5. Judgment Becomes Impaired

Drug abuse impairs a person’s ability to make good decisions. This leads to risky behavior. It creates dangerous situations. People make choices they would never make while sober.

6. Relationships Fall Apart

Drug abuse strains relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners. Trust breaks. Love fades. Families separate. Children suffer the most.

7. Legal Problems Arise

Drug abuse leads to legal issues. These include arrests and criminal charges. A criminal record destroys future opportunities. It limits career options permanently.

8. Financial Problems Mount

Drug abuse leads to financial problems. This happens due to the cost of drugs. Job performance declines. Income drops. Debt accumulates. Poverty follows.

9. Academic Performance Suffers

Drug abuse negatively affects academic performance. Students fail classes. They drop out of school. Education ends. Dreams die. Future opportunities disappear.

10. Social Isolation Increases

Drug abuse leads to social isolation. Quality of life decreases dramatically. Friends abandon the drug user. Family members distance themselves. Loneliness becomes overwhelming.

Class Activity

1. Create a role-play activity demonstrating the dangers of drug abuse.
2. Research a drug that is commonly abused and create a poster highlighting its risks and dangers.
3. Discuss how drug abuse can lead to legal problems and the impact on the individual and society.

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Topic: Prevention of Drug Abuse

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Explain ways to prevent drug abuse
• Develop strategies to stay drug-free

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, posters, photographs of pharmacist/nurse/doctor

Content

Understanding Drug Abuse Prevention

Drug abuse is the misuse of drugs. This includes both prescribed and non-prescribed drugs. Drug abuse happens in ways that are harmful to the body. It leads to addiction, It causes health problems, It can even lead to death.

Five Effective Ways to Prevent Drug Abuse

1. Education Protects You

Educate yourself about the dangers of drug abuse. Learn the facts. Understand the risks. Share this knowledge with others. Education is your first defense against drugs.

2. Resist Peer Pressure

Don’t be swayed by peer pressure into taking drugs. True friends respect your choices. They support your decision to stay drug-free. Stand firm in your values.

3. Develop Healthy Habits

Develop healthy habits. Exercise regularly. Eat nutritious food. Get proper sleep. These positive habits strengthen your body. They protect your mind. They build your resistance to drugs.

4. Seek Help When Struggling

Seek help from trusted friends, family, or professionals if you are struggling with drug abuse. You are not alone. Help is available. Asking for help shows strength, not weakness.

5. Manage Stress Effectively

Avoid stress by practicing relaxation techniques. Try meditation. Practice deep breathing. Exercise regularly. Manage your time wisely. Healthy stress management eliminates the need for drugs.

Class Work

1. Discuss the dangers of drug abuse.
2. Explain ways to prevent drug abuse.
3. Research and present on the effects of drug abuse.

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Topic: Harmful Substances and How to Avoid Taking Them

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Explain harmful substances and ways to avoid taking them

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, pupils textbooks, real objects of harmful substances

Content

What Are Harmful Substances?

Harmful substances are substances that can cause harm to the body. These substances exist in food, drinks, drugs, and other products we use daily. We must identify these substances. We must avoid them to protect our health.

Five Harmful Substances Primary 2 Pupils Must Avoid

1. Tobacco Destroys Health

Smoking and chewing tobacco cause lung cancer. They cause heart disease. They create other serious health problems. Tobacco kills millions of people worldwide every year.

2. Alcohol Damages Bodies

Drinking alcohol in excess leads to liver disease. It causes brain damage. It creates numerous other health issues. Young people’s bodies are especially vulnerable to alcohol’s harmful effects.

3. Caffeine Causes Problems

Consuming too much caffeine causes anxiety. It creates insomnia. It produces other health problems. Energy drinks contain dangerous amounts of caffeine for young people.

4. Illegal Drugs Kill

Illegal drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine lead to addiction. They cause severe health problems. They can lead to death. No one who tries these drugs escapes unharmed.

5. Prescription Drug Misuse Harms

Misusing prescription drugs leads to addiction. It causes health problems. It can lead to death. Take medicines only as your doctor prescribes them.

Class Work

1. List and explain 5 harmful substances.
2. Discuss the dangers of underage drinking.
3. List the effects of harmful substances.

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Topic: Avoiding Harmful Substances

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Explain ways to avoid taking harmful substances

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, pupils textbooks, real objects of harmful substances

Content

Five Powerful Ways to Avoid Harmful Substances

1. Say No Firmly

If someone offers you drugs or alcohol, say no firmly. You don’t need to explain. You don’t need to apologize. Just say no. Your health is more important than anyone’s opinion.

2. Avoid Triggers Actively

Stay away from people who use drugs. Avoid places where people use drugs. Remove things that trigger your desire to use drugs or alcohol. Your environment shapes your choices.

3. Choose Friends Wisely

Surround yourself with positive influences. Choose friends who support your decision to avoid harmful substances. Real friends respect your choices. They encourage healthy behavior.

4. Learn Healthy Coping Skills

Learn healthy ways to cope with stress. Exercise regularly. Practice meditation. Try deep breathing exercises. These healthy activities replace the need for harmful substances.

5. Seek Help Immediately

Seek help from a trusted friend, family member, or professional if you are struggling with addiction. Early intervention saves lives. You deserve support. Help is always available.

Class Work

1. Discuss ways to avoid taking harmful substances.
2. List healthy ways to cope with harmful substances.
3. Research on the benefits of a drug-free lifestyle.

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Topic: Preventing Intake of Harmful Substances

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Explain practical ways to prevent intake of harmful substances

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, stale food, poorly cooked food, expired food/drugs

Content

Ten Essential Ways to Prevent Intake of Harmful Substances

1. Wash Your Hands Always

Always wash your hands before eating or handling food. This helps to get rid of any germs or bacteria that may be on your hands. Clean hands prevent disease.

2. Verify Unknown Items

Avoid eating or drinking things that you are not sure about. If you are not sure what something is, don’t eat or drink it. Unknown items might contain harmful substances.

3. Read Labels Carefully

Always read the labels on food and drink products before consuming them. This will help you to identify any harmful substances that may be in the product. Knowledge protects you.

4. Reject Tobacco and Alcohol

Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. Smoking and drinking alcohol are harmful to your health. They cause numerous health problems. Stay completely away from these substances.

5. Follow Doctor’s Orders

Always take your medication as prescribed by your doctor. Taking medication in the wrong way can be harmful. Follow instructions exactly as given.

6. Check Product Ingredients

Be aware of the ingredients in beauty and personal care products. Some products may contain harmful substances. These substances can be absorbed through the skin.

7. Store Food Properly

Store food and drink products in the right way. This can help to prevent contamination. Proper storage prevents the growth of harmful bacteria.

8. Limit Chemical Exposure

Avoid using pesticides and other chemicals in your home and garden. These substances can be harmful to your health. They damage the environment.

9. Use Protective Equipment

Use protective gear when working with hazardous materials. This can help to prevent exposure to harmful substances. Safety equipment saves lives.

10. Get Medical Help Quickly

Always seek medical attention if you think you have been exposed to a harmful substance. Early treatment can help to prevent serious health problems. Don’t wait. Act immediately.

Class Work

1. What are harmful substances?
2. List 5 examples of harmful substances.
3. Why is it important to read the labels on food and drink products?
4. What are some ways to prevent the intake of harmful substances?
5. What should you do if you think you have been exposed to a harmful substance?

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Topic: Sources of Danger and Security

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Define danger and list some sources of dangers

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, charts and posters

Content

Understanding Sources of Danger and Insecurity

Sources of danger and insecurity are things that can cause harm. They make us feel unsafe. We find these dangers in our homes, schools, communities, and other places we visit. It is important  identify these dangers. We must protect ourselves from them.

Ten Sources of Danger in Nigeria

1. Fire Destroys Everything

Fire can cause tremendous damage and harm if not controlled properly. It destroys homes, kills people and burns businesses. Prevention is the best protection against fire.

2. Water Can Drown

Water can be dangerous if not handled properly. Drowning is a common cause of death among children in Nigeria. Always supervise children near water.

3. Electricity Kills Instantly

Electricity can be dangerous if not handled properly. Electrical shock can cause serious injury. It can cause death. Treat all electrical equipment with respect and caution.

4. Animals Attack Unexpectedly

Some animals can be dangerous. They cause harm if not handled properly. Respect wild animals. Keep safe distance from unknown animals.

5. Weapons Harm People

Weapons can be dangerous. They cause harm if not handled properly. Keep weapons away from children. Store them securely always.

6. Unsafe Roads Kill Daily

Roads can be dangerous if they are not well-maintained. Reckless driving kills thousands of Nigerians every year. Always use seatbelts. Obey traffic rules.

7. Criminals Threaten Communities

Criminals can be dangerous. They cause harm to people and property. Stay alert. Report suspicious activities to authorities immediately.

8. Environmental Hazards Poison

Environmental hazards like pollution cause harm to people and the environment. Protect yourself from air pollution. Avoid contaminated water.

9. Unsafe Buildings Collapse

Buildings that are not built to code can be dangerous. They cause harm to people. Avoid entering buildings that look unsafe or damaged.

10. Unsafe Products Injure Users

Products that are not safe for use cause harm to people. Check product quality. Buy from reputable sellers. Report dangerous products to NAFDAC.

Class Work

1. What are sources of danger and insecurity?
2. List 5 examples of sources of danger and insecurity.
3. How can you prevent fires in your home?
4. What should you do if you encounter a dangerous animal?
5. What are some ways to stay safe on the road?

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Topic: Ways to Avoid Danger

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• List ways to avoid danger in Nigeria

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, charts and posters

Content

Understanding Danger in Nigeria

In Nigeria, various sources of danger and insecurity exist. These range from natural disasters to man-made incidents. Individuals must be aware of these sources of danger. Everyone must take appropriate measures to avoid them. Your safety is your responsibility.

Five Essential Ways to Avoid Danger

1. Stay Alert Always

One of the best ways to avoid danger is to stay alert. Be aware of your surroundings at all times. Notice any potential threats. Trust your instincts. If something feels wrong, it probably is.

2. Avoid Dark and Isolated Places

Dark and isolated places are often the target of criminals. Avoid walking alone in such places. Never go to isolated areas, especially at night. Always stay in well-lit, populated areas.

3. Use Reliable Transportation

Use a reliable means of transportation. Choose reputable taxi services. This helps prevent incidents such as kidnapping. Verify drivers before entering vehicles. Share your trip details with family.

4. Know Emergency Numbers

It is important to know the emergency numbers in Nigeria. These include 112 for the police. Call 199 for the fire service. Dial 112 for medical emergencies. Save these numbers in your phone.

5. Install Security Devices

Install security devices in your home. Use CCTV cameras. Install burglar alarms. These devices help deter criminals. They provide evidence if crimes occur.

Class Work

1. List three sources of danger.
2. Explain why it is important to stay alert.
3. Give two examples of security devices that can be installed to prevent criminal activities.
4. What is the emergency number for the fire service in Nigeria?
5. Explain why it is important to avoid dark and isolated places.

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Topic: Security Agencies I – Nigerian Forces

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Identify security agencies and their primary duties

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, charts and posters

Content

Understanding Nigerian Security Agencies

Nigeria has a variety of security agencies. These agencies ensure the safety and security of citizens. It is important to understand the roles and responsibilities of these agencies. They protect us every day.

Five Major Security Agencies in Nigeria

1. Nigerian Police Force (NPF) Maintains Order

The NPF is responsible for maintaining law and order. This agency prevents and detects crime. The NPF protects life and property across Nigeria. Police officers serve in every community.

2. Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) Protects Infrastructure

The NSCDC protects critical infrastructure throughout Nigeria. This agency protects national assets. The NSCDC ensures public safety. It maintains peace and order in communities.

3. Nigerian Army Defends the Nation

The Nigerian Army protects the territorial integrity of Nigeria. This military force defends the country against external aggression. The Army maintains internal security when necessary. Soldiers sacrifice for our safety.

4. Nigerian Air Force Guards Our Skies

The Nigerian Air Force protects Nigerian airspace. This agency defends the country against external aggression from the air. The Air Force maintains internal security. It provides air support to ground troops during operations.

5. Nigerian Navy Secures Our Waters

The Nigerian Navy protects Nigeria’s territorial waters. This agency prevents illegal activities in the maritime domain. The Navy maintains internal security along waterways. It protects our coastal communities.

Class Work

1. List the primary duties of the Nigerian Police Force.
2. What is the role of the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC)?
3. Give two responsibilities of the Nigerian Army.
4. What is the primary duty of the Nigerian Air Force?
5. Explain the role of the Nigerian Navy.

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Topic: Security Agencies II – Intelligence and Anti-Corruption

Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)

Subject: Social Studies

Learning Objectives

• Identify more security agencies and their primary duties

Learning Resources

Audio-visual resources, posters, pictures, charts of different security personnel

Content

Additional Nigerian Security Agencies

Continuing from Week 9, here are more security agencies in Nigeria. These agencies perform specialized duties. They protect Nigeria in different ways.

Four Critical Security Agencies

1. Department of State Services (DSS) Gathers Intelligence

The DSS protects the President, Vice President, and other top government officials. This agency gathers intelligence to prevent crimes against the state. The DSS combats threats to national security. They work silently to keep Nigeria safe.

2. National Intelligence Agency (NIA) Works Abroad

The NIA gathers foreign intelligence. This agency ensures the security of Nigeria’s interests abroad. The NIA protects Nigerian citizens in other countries. They monitor threats from outside Nigeria.

3. Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) Supports Military

The DIA provides intelligence support to the military. This agency supports other security agencies. The DIA analyzes threats. It helps military commanders make informed decisions.

4. Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Fights Corruption

The EFCC investigates and prosecutes economic and financial crimes. These crimes include money laundering, fraud, and corruption. The EFCC recovers stolen money. It punishes corrupt individuals. This agency protects Nigeria’s economy.

Class Work

1. List and explain 7 security agencies you know.

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